Lactose intolerance: Magnitude and Associated factors among malnourished under-five Children in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundLactose intolerance (LI) is a pathological condition characterized by the inability to digest sugar, lactose, due to the absence or insufficient activity of the lactase enzyme ({beta}-galactosidase). Currently, laboratory diagnostic procedures for LI are poorly practiced in Ethiopia, and so LI treatment is based on an empirical diagnosis. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of lactose intolerance among malnourished under-five children in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 2018 - July 2018. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among malnourished under-five children admitted in the pediatric unit, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. By using a convenient sampling technique structured questionnaire was administered to gather information on the socio-demographic characteristics of study participants and associated risk factors of LI. Moreover, a fresh stool sample was collected from the study participants to measure stool pH, reducing substances, and microscopy examination for intestinal parasites. Data entery and analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21) software. ResultsThe study included 169 malnourished under-five children. Among those 90 (53.3%) were male with a median age of 12 months. The magnitude of LI was 18.3%. Among the study participants, the highest numbers of LI cases were in the age group of less than 12 months; 17(10.1%) followed by 13-24 months; 13(7.7%). Factors that show significant association with LI on bi-variate logistic analysis were family history of lactose intolerance (P=0.043) and diarrhea (P=0.001). In addition; the problem after taking milk (P=0.007), type of therapeutic milk formula (P=0.001), and frequency of stool/24hr (P=0.023) were found to be independent predictors factors of lactose intolerance in the study population. ConclusionThe magnitude of LI was high in the study setting. Thus, more attention should be given on the proper laboratory diagnosis of LI, for better management of cases at the Yekatit 12 hospital. In addition, similar large scale studies at the molecular level are required to strengthen the present findings of LI in Ethiopia.