An ocean of opsins

Abstract

In this study, we explored the diversity and evolution of opsins using meta-omic data from the TARA Oceans and TARA Polar Circle expeditions, one of the largest marine datasets available. By using molecular clustering and phylogenetic analyses, we identified and characterized opsins across various taxonomic groups and gene subfamilies. Our results indicate that the majority of opsin sequences belong to arthropods and vertebrates. However, we also detected sequences from all major opsin subfamilies, including r-opsin, c-opsin, xenopsin, and Group-4 opsins. Despite the broad taxonomic scope, no novel opsin gene families were discovered, suggesting a comprehensive understanding of opsin diversity in marine ecosystems. Additionally, we present novel opsin sequences from less-studied taxa, which may serve as a valuable resource for future research into opsin function and diversity.