Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Hibiscus mutabilis Cultivars for Food Development Using Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Abstract

This study evaluated 11 Hibiscus mutabilis cultivars from Chengdu Botanical Garden to assess their quality for food use and identify promising cultivars. An evaluation framework was developed using the Delphi method to select indicators and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine their weights. Overall scores ranged from 2.5785 to 3.6043, and the cultivars were classified into three grades. Grade I included Hibiscus mutabilis 'Bairi Huacai', Hibiscus mutabilis 'Chongbanbai' and Hibiscus mutabilis 'Jinqiusong'; Grade II included Hibiscus mutabilis 'Jinqiuhong', Hibiscus mutabilis 'Zuifurong', Hibiscus mutabilis 'Danbanhong', Hibiscus mutabilis 'Jinxiuzi', Hibiscus mutabilis 'Jinbiyu' and Hibiscus mutabilis 'Caixia'; whereas Grade III included Hibiscus mutabilis 'Mudanfen' and Hibiscus mutabilis 'Jinrui'. In summary, Hibiscus mutabilis 'Bairi Huacai', Hibiscus mutabilis 'Chongbanbai' and Hibiscus mutabilis 'Jinqiusong' are the preferred cultivars for food processing and development. The framework provides a basis for cultivar screening and further evaluation of H. mutabilis flowers for food use.