Functional phenomics and genetics of the root economics space in winter wheat using high-throughput phenotyping of respiration and architecture

Abstract

O_LIThe root economics space is a useful framework for plant ecology, but rarely considered for crop ecophysiology. In order to understand root trait integration in winter wheat, we combined functional phenomics with trait economic theory utilizing genetic variation, high-throughput phenotyping, and multivariate analyses. C_LIO_LIWe phenotyped a diversity panel of 276 genotypes for root respiration and architectural traits using a novel high-throughput method for CO2 flux and the open-source software RhizoVision Explorer for analyzing scanned images. C_LIO_LIWe uncovered substantial variation for specific root respiration (SRR) and specific root length (SRL), which were primary indicators of root metabolic and construction costs. Multiple linear regression estimated that lateral root tips had the greatest SRR, and the residuals of this model were used as a new trait. SRR was negatively correlated with plant mass. Network analysis using a Gaussian graphical model identified root weight, SRL, diameter, and SRR as hub traits. Univariate and multivariate genetic analyses identified genetic regions associated with aspects of the root economics space, with underlying gene candidates. C_LIO_LICombining functional phenomics and root economics is a promising approach to understand crop ecophysiology. We identified root traits and genomic regions that could be harnessed to breed more efficient crops for sustainable agroecosystems. C_LI