Phenological characterization of Mozambican native caprine breeds assessed through morpho-biometric traits and zoometric indices

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the morpho-structural traits of indigenous goats reared at the Chobela Research Station in the Magude District of southern Mozambique. A total of 135 goats were randomly selected, comprising 77 Landim and 60 Pafuri animals. Racial characteristics were assessed through visual inspection, while morphometric traits were measured using a zoometric tape. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were performed at a 5% significance level using SPSS version 27. In terms of racial traits, all Pafuri goats exhibited a convex facial profile, whereas Landim goats showed both convex (57.9%) and concave (42.1%) profiles. Approximately 75% of the goats presented a uniform coat colour. Morphometric comparisons revealed that Landim goats had higher average values for horn length (mean difference, MD: 0.21 cm), withers height (MD: 0.14 cm), and body length (MD: 0.24 cm). In contrast, Pafuri goats had greater head length (MD: 0.18 cm), head width (MD: 0.11 cm), ear length (MD: 0.09 cm), and thoracic perimeter (MD: 0.26 cm). Regarding zoometric indices, Landim goats recorded higher body (1.71), cephalic (0.31), and thoracic (1.31) index values, while Pafuri goats exhibited a slightly higher proportionality index (0.40). The morpho-structural differences identified between Landim and Pafuri goats demonstrate distinct phenotypic profiles that can support breed characterization. These results provide a valuable baseline for future genetic studies and contribute to conservation and sustainable utilization strategies for indigenous goat populations in Mozambique.