Refinement of Genome assemblies of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

Abstract

Genome assembly of short reads from large plant genomes remains a challenge in computational biology despite major developments in Next Generation sequencing. Of late multiple draft assemblies of plant genomes are reported in many organisms. The draft assemblies of Cajanus cajan are with different levels of genome completeness; contain large number of repeats, gaps and segmental duplications. Draft assemblies with portions of genome missing, are shorter than the referenced original genome. These assemblies come with low map accuracy affecting further functional annotation and prediction of gene component as desired by crop researchers. Genome coverage i.e. number of sequenced raw reads mapped on to certain locations of the genome is an important quality indicator of completeness and assembly quality in draft assemblies. Present work was aimed at improvement of coverage in reported de novo sequenced draft genomes (GCA_000340665.1 and GCA_000230855.2) of Pigeonpea, a legume widely cultivated in India. The two assemblies comprised 72% and 75% of estimated coverage of genome respectively. We employed assembly reconciliation approach to compare draft assemblies and merged them to generate a high quality near complete assembly with enhanced contiguity. Finished assembly has reduced number of gaps than reported in draft assemblies and improved genome coverage of 82.4%. Quality of the finished assembly was evaluated using various quality metrics and for presence of specific trait related functional genes. Employed pair-end and mate-pair local library data sets enabled to resolve gaps, repeats and other sequence errors yielding lengthier scaffolds compared to two draft assemblies. We report prediction of putative host resistance genes from improved sequence against Fusarium wilt disease and evaluated them in both wet laboratory and field phenotypic conditions.