Effects of combined prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress on immune and dopaminergic gene expression in the gut-brain axis
Elise M. Martin, Matthew J. Morales, Niki Y. Li, Maura C. Stoehr, Manfred Kern, Madeline F. Winters, Caroline J. Smith
This study examines how prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress affects immune and dopaminergic gene expression in the gut-brain axis, finding sex-specific changes in brain and intestinal regions.
Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · Dec 22, 2025Peer-reviewedNeuroscience