The Hindu Kush, not the Indus Valley, divides amphibian biogeographic realms
Daniel Jablonski, Muhammadullah Rasekh, Arifullah Zia, Mohammad Arif Irfan, Faizurrahman Khalili, Nazar Mohammad Wahaj, Borhanudin Noori, Abdul Rahman Osmani, Naveed Sahil Stanekzai, Rafaqat Masroor, Christophe Dufresnes
This study identifies the Hindu Kush as the biogeographic boundary between Palearctic and Oriental realms in Central/South Asia, challenging the traditional role of the Indus Valley.
bioRxiv · Mar 31, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology