Energy flow controls the stability of multitrophic ecosystems with stratified nonreciprocity
Rukmani Ramachandran, Akshit Goyal
The paper shows that nonreciprocal interactions in ecosystems destabilize systems more when they occur between consumers and predators than between consumers and resources, with energy flow explaining this asymmetry.
bioRxiv · Jan 20, 2026 · PreprintEcology