The social structure of a captive group of Rüppell's vultures (Gyps rueppellii)
Eva S.J. van Dijk, Sophia Wolfswinkel, Jessica H. Smith, Jade A. Zanutto, Aimée Bakker, Zofia Trafas, Maartje H. L. Hooymans, Lisa‐Claire Vanhooland, Jorg J. M. Massen
This study examines the social structure of captive Rüppell's vultures, revealing stable dominance hierarchies and complex social bonds influenced by breeding season and pair-bond status.
bioRxiv · Oct 12, 2026 · PreprintAnimal Behavior & Cognition