Landscape heterogeneity as a main driver of avian population dynamics
Katarzyna Malinowska, Tomasz Chodkiewicz, Lechosław Kuczyński
This study examines how landscape heterogeneity and environmental factors influence bird population dynamics over 25 years in Poland, finding that long-term spatial constraints and habitat heterogeneity are key drivers.
bioRxiv · May 21, 2026 · PreprintEcology