Ungulate personality and the human shield contribute to long-distance migration loss
Gavin G. Cotterill, Eric K. Cole, Paul C. Cross, Sarah R. Dewey, Benjamin L. Wise, Tabitha A. Graves
The paper investigates how elk personality traits influence migration behavior and finds bold elk are more likely to stay near human activity, leading to shorter migrations and spatial structuring of wintering grounds.
Ecosphere · Aug 1, 2025Peer-reviewedEcology