Beyond urbanization metrics: Using graphical causal models to investigate mechanisms in urban ecology and evolution
Jesse B. Borden, James P. Gibbs, John P. Vanek, Bradley J. Cosentino
This paper uses graphical causal models to test mechanistic hypotheses about urbanization's effects on biodiversity, finding that melanism in squirrels is constrained by urban environmental factors.
Urban Ecosystems · Oct 30, 2025Peer-reviewedEvolutionary Biology