Decoding Allosteric Grammar with Explainable AI Integrating Protein Language Models and Energy Landscape Analysis: Neutral Frustration at Allosteric Binding Sites Encodes Regulatory Versatility in Protein Kinases
Will Gatlin, Max Ludwick, Lucas Turano, Brandon Foley, Kamila Riedlová, Vít Škrhák, Marián Novotný, David Hoksza, Gennady M. Verkhivker
This study uses explainable AI to analyze the energy landscape of protein kinases, revealing that allosteric sites are in neutrally frustrated regions, explaining their detection challenges.
bioRxiv · Mar 23, 2026 · PreprintBiophysics