Independent origins of spicules reconcile palaeontological and molecular evidence of the evolutionary history of sponges
Maria Eleonora Rossi, Joseph N. Keating, Nathan James Kenny, Mattia Giacomelli, Sandra Álvarez-Carretero, Astrid Schuster, Paco Cárdenas, Sergio Taboada, Vasiliki Koutsouveli, Philip C. J. Donoghue, Ana Farrar Riesgo, Davide Pisani
The paper reconciles molecular and fossil evidence by showing sponges emerged in the early Ediacaran without spicules, which evolved independently multiple times later.
Science Advances · Jan 7, 2026Peer-reviewedEvolutionary Biology