Ecology and environment predict spatially stratified risk of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds across Europe
Sarah E. Hayes, Joe Hilton, Joaquín Federico Mould-Quevedo, Christl Ann Donnelly, Matthew Baylis, Liam Brierley
The paper uses machine learning to model the spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Europe, finding that ecological factors refine risk predictions beyond climate alone.
Scientific Reports · Dec 2, 2025Peer-reviewedEcology