Discovery of new and variant Potyviruses in Asparagales plants from a Dutch urban botanic garden

Abstract

Although viruses play an important role in human health and plant health, most viruses are still undetected. One of the reasons is that they may evolve in distinct natural habitats that are not yet extensively sampled for virus analysis. An example of such a habitat is urban botanic gardens. We analyzed 25 Asparagales plants with a mild to severe disease phenotype from a Dutch urban botanic garden for the presence of known an unknown virus types and virus variants by smallRNA-seq and RNA-seq. We found in all samples evidence for (past) Potyviridae presence, mostly Ornithogalum virus (OV) and Ornithogalum mosaic virus (OrMV), as well as a new Iris mild mosaic virus variant (IMMV) and a yet unknown species of Potyvirus. Also, presence of a new Betaflexivirus, a new Polerovirus and a new Phenuivirus were detected. Most analyzed plants harbored multiple viruses, 18 out of 25 plants showed evidence for three to seven viruses and 12 out of 13 viruses were present in four to 11 samples. In this study, we describe the characteristics of a newly discovered Potyvirus and identify several variants of known potyviruses. We place these findings in the context of known viruses. However, we were unable to link these potyviruses to any specific disease phenotype.