Effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on soil structure and function

Abstract

Soils are impacted at a global scale by several anthropogenic factors, including chemical pollutants. Among those, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern due to their high environmental persistence, and as they might affect soil health and functions. However, data on impacts of PFASs on soil structure and microbially-driven processes are currently lacking. This study explored the effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) at environmental-relevant nominal concentrations (1 ~ 1000 ng g-1) on soil functions, using a 6-week microcosm experiment. We measured soil respiration, litter decomposition, enzyme and microbial activities, soil aggregates, and bacterial abundance. PFAS (even at 1 ng g-1 for PFBS) significantly increased litter decomposition, associated with positive effects on bacterial abundance, and {beta}-glucosidase activities. This effect increased with PFAS concentrations. Soil respiration was significantly inhibited by PFAS in the 3rd week, while this effect was more variable in week 6. Water-stable aggregates were negatively affected by PFOS and PFOA, possibly related to microbial shifts. The general microbial activities and {beta}-D-cellobiosidase and phosphatase activities were barely affected by PFAS treatments. Our work highlights the potential effects of PFAS on soil health, and we argue that this substance class could be a factor of environmental change of potentially broad relevance in terrestrial ecosystem functioning. SynopsisPFAS are likely to affect soil health. Abstract Art O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=124 SRC="FIGDIR/small/465889v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (52K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@88c630org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18b985corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1bfdc81org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@125b09e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG