Identification and Functional Characterization of Up-Regulated Hub Genes in Adenocarcinoma Across Multiple Organ Sites

Abstract

Adenocarcinoma is a prevalent and aggressive form of cancer affecting various organ systems. To gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adenocarcinoma, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to identify consistently up-regulated hub genes and their regulatory networks across multiple adenocarcinoma types. By integrating gene expression data from GEO and GEPIA2 databases, we identified 129 commonly up-regulated genes, from which 10 key hub genes were further characterized: CHEK1, CDC20, ANLN, RRM2, CCNB1, CCNA2, KIF23, TOP2A, BUB1, and KIF11. These hub genes were found to be significantly overexpressed in several adenocarcinoma types, including colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer, except for prostate adenocarcinoma. The regulatory network analysis revealed that the expression of these hub genes is controlled by transcription factors, such as YBX1, E2F1, MYC, E2F3, and TP53, as well as miRNAs, including hsa-miR-103a-3p, hsa-let-7e-5p, and hsa-miR-15b-5p, which were consistently downregulated across the adenocarcinoma types studied. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of these hub genes in critical cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, mitotic division, and cellular senescence. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of adenocarcinoma and identify potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for further investigation.