Genetic diversity by ISSR of two endemic quillworts (Isoetes L.) species from Amazon Iron Rocky Outcrops, Isoetes cangae e I. serracarajensis

Mirella Pupo Santos; João Victor da Silva Rabelo Araujo; Arthur Vinícius de Sant’anna Lopes; Júlio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi; Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca; Emiliano Nicolas Calderón; Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat; Fernanda Abreu Santana Arêdes; Messias Gonzaga Pereira; Naiara Viana Campos; Fernando Marino Gomes dos Santos; Taís Nogueira Fernandes; Rodrigo Lemes Martins; Francisco de Assis Esteves

doi:10.1101/635771

GeneticsbioRxivMay 18, 2019

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Genetic diversity by ISSR of two endemic quillworts (Isoetes L.) species from Amazon Iron Rocky Outcrops, Isoetes cangae e I. serracarajensis

Mirella Pupo Santos iD, João Victor da Silva Rabelo Araujo iD, Arthur Vinícius de Sant’anna Lopes, Júlio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi iD, Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca iD, Emiliano Nicolas Calderón iD, Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat iD, Fernanda Abreu Santana Arêdes iD, Messias Gonzaga Pereira iD, Naiara Viana Campos iD, Fernando Marino Gomes dos Santos iD, Taís Nogueira Fernandes iD, Rodrigo Lemes Martins iD, Francisco de Assis Esteves iD

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Abstract

Two lycophytes endemic species have been recently described at the State of Para, in the Amazon forest located in the North of Brazil. Genetic diversity and population structure of Isoetes cangae and I. serracarajensis were investigated through ISSR molecular markers. These analyses aim to establish strategies for future attempts for species conservation. From sixteen primers, 115 gel bands were identified from which 87% were polymorphic. A high level of polymorphic loci (81,74 % e 68,48 %) and a high Shannon index for intra populational genetic diversity was observed for each species (Sh=0.376 e 0.289) I. cangae and I. serracarajensis, respectively. The largest genetic diversity of both species relies in their own populations. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between population areas (GST) was higher in I. serracarajensis (0.5440) than in I. cangae (0.2250). Gene flow was high between I. cangae populations (1.7142) and very low in I. serracarajensis (0.4190). Principal Component Analysis (PCoA) showed that individual plants were allocated into species-specific and population groups. Overall, the results further show that I. serracarajensis (0.5440) and I. cangae are two species with considerable genetic variation. These results should be considered for effective conservation strategies of both species.