A new high-quality genome assembly and annotation for the threatened Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens)

Abstract

The Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a Federally Threatened, cooperatively-breeding bird, is an emerging model system in evolutionary biology and ecology. Extensive individual-based monitoring and genetic sampling for decades has yielded a wealth of data, allowing for the detailed study of social behavior, demography, and population genetics of this natural population. Here, we report a linkage map and a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation for a female Florida Scrub-Jay made with long-read sequencing technology, chromatin conformation data, and the linkage map. We constructed a linkage map comprising 4,468 SNPs that had 34 linkage groups and a total sex-averaged autosomal genetic map length of 2446.78 cM. The new genome assembly is 1.32 Gb in length, consisting of 33 complete or near-complete autosomes and the sex chromosomes (ZW). This highly contiguous assembly has an N50 of 68 Mb and a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness score of 97.1% with respect to the Aves database. The annotated gene set has a BUSCO transcriptome completeness score of 95.5% and 18,051 identified protein-coding genes, 92.2% of which have associated functional annotations. This new, high-quality genome assembly and linkage map of the Florida Scrub-Jay provides valuable tools for future research into the evolutionary dynamics of small, natural populations of conservation concern. ARTICLE SUMMARYWe present a new high-quality genome assembly and annotation for the Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a Federally Threatened bird species. In comparison to other genome assemblies of this species, our assembly is the first to be made using long-read sequencing technology and is the first generated from a female individual. We also constructed the first linkage map for this species using a population pedigree. Our genome assembly is highly contiguous and is of similar quality to other bird genome assemblies.