Chemometrics-based evaluation on effect of sonication, contact time and solvent-to-solid ratio on total phenolics and flavonoids, fatty acids and antibacterial potency of Carica papaya seed against S. enteritidis, B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis

This study was aimed on extraction optimization of antibacterial agent from Carica papaya seed against S. enteritidis, B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis as affected by sonication-assisted extraction (SAE), contact time (CT) and solid-to-solvent ratio (SSR). The principal component analysis (PCA) and individual evaluation approaches identified that no SAE, 8 CT and 1:10 SSR was the best treatment with the highest antibacterial potency. The PCA identified no SAE, 8 CT, and 1:5 SSR as the second-beat treatment. The yield, total phenolic compound (TPC), C18:1n9t and C16:1 fatty acids (FAs) in no SAE, 8 CT and 1:10 SSR treatment inhibited the growth of B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis while C21:0 and C15:0 in 30 min SAE, 8 CT and 1:2 SSR inhibited the S. enteritidis growth. The yield, TPC, C18:1n9t and C16:1 FAs, and C6:0 and C24:1n9, C20:1, C4:0 and C20:0 FAs had antagonistic effects on B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis growths. The C21:0, C15:0, C6:0 and C13:0, and C23:0, C20:0 and C11:0 FAs had antagonistic effects on S. enteritidis growth. The PCA also denoted that the MIC50 and MIC0 had a higher variation than MIC; hence, the former variables were better to use in PCA.