Riparian Woody Species Composition, Diversity, and Structure in Kiliti Watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Riparian ecosystems are among the most ecologically productive habitats that provide essential ecosystem services, yet they are increasingly threatened by human-induced disturbances. This study examined the composition, diversity, and structural attributes of woody species in the riparian vegetation of the Kiliti watershed, northwestern Ethiopia. 55 systematically distributed sample plots, each 20 x 20 m, were established along riparian corridors. All woody species with diameter at breast height (DBH) [≥] 5 cm were measured for height and diameter, and the number of individuals per species was recorded. Quantitative structural parameters were computed. 95 woody species from 45 families and 75 genera were recorded, dominated by Fabaceae (16%). Shrubs (48%) were the most frequent life form, followed by trees (32%) and lianas (9%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness values were 3.1 and 0.7, respectively, indicating high diversity and uniform distribution. Diameter and height class distributions exhibited reverse J-shaped patterns, reflecting good regeneration and structural stability. The total basal area (26.28 m2/ha) and density values were comparable to other Ethiopian riparian forests. Despite its ecological importance, the Kiliti watershed faces anthropogenic pressure from tree removal. Sustainable management and community-based conservation strategies are vital for maintaining riparian ecosystem integrity.