Cladoceran diversity build-up in newly created pondscapes

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the most important drivers of cladoceran species richness build-up and species accumulation patterns in newly created ponds that collectively form entirely new pondscapes (networks of closely situated ponds in a landscape). A total of 26 newly created ponds across two newly established pondscapes were surveyed repeatedly (n=11) for key environmental pond variables and cladoceran community characteristics during the first three years after the pondscapes creation. The study ponds vary in surface area and maximum depth and cover a wide range of hydroperiods, from permanent to temporary systems with only a short hydroperiod. In total, 16 cladoceran species colonized the newly created ponds within the first three years of the pondscapes existence. Consistent with previous research, Daphnia obtusa was the first species to colonize ponds in both pondscapes. Macrophyte establishment was the most important local factor influencing the accumulation of cladoceran species over time, with vegetated ponds leading to faster species accumulation, likely because of the close association of chydorid species, Simocephalus vetulus and Ceriodaphnia spp with macrophytes. Our observations highlight the role of the establishment of macrophytes for cladoceran species richness build-up during early pond succession and offer valuable insights for designing resilient pondscapes that support rapid cladoceran species accumulation. Statements and DeclarationsThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.