MLOsMetaDB, a meta-database to centralize the information on Liquid-liquid phase separation proteins and Membraneless organelles.

Abstract

Over the past few years, there has been a focus on proteins that create separate liquid phases in the intracellular liquid environment, known as membraneless organelles (MLO). These organelles allow for the spatiotemporal associations of macromolecules that dynamically exchange within the cellular milieu. They provide a form of compartmentalization crucial for organizing key functions in many cells. Metabolic processes and signaling pathways in both the cytoplasm and nucleus are among the functions performed by MLOs, which are facilitated by diverse combinations of proteins and nucleic acids. However, disruptions in these liquid-liquid phase separation processes (LLPS) may lead to several diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, among others. To foster the study of this process and MLOs function, we present MLOsMetaDB (http://mlos.leloir.org.ar), a comprehensive resource of information on MLO and LLPS related proteins. Our database integrates and centralizes available information for every protein involved in MLOs, which is otherwise disseminated across a plethora of different databases. Our manuscript outlines the development and features of MLOsMetaDB which provides an interactive and user-friendly environment with modern biological visualizations and easy and quick access to proteins based on LLPS role, MLO location, and organisms. Additionally, it offers an advanced search for making complex queries to generate customized information. Furthermore, MLOsMetaDB provides evolutionary information by collecting the orthologs of every protein in the same database. This is a crucial resource for transferring knowledge to other species because the LLPS protein databases are highly biased towards human proteins and, to a lesser extent, a few other well-studied or model organisms. Overall, MLOsMetaDB is a valuable resource as a starting point for researchers studying the many processes driven by LLPS proteins and membraneless organelles.