The activity and functions of soil microbial communities in the Finnish sub-Arctic vary across vegetation types

Increased microbial activity in high-latitude soils due to climate change might lead to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, mechanisms of microbial GHG production and consumption in tundra soils are not thoroughly understood. We analyzed 116 soil metatranscriptomes from 73 sites in the Finnish sub-Arctic to investigate how the diversity and functional potential of bacterial and archaeal communities vary across vegetation types and soil layers. Soils differed in physicochemical conditions, with meadow soils being characterized by higher pH and low soil organic matter (SOM) and carbon/nitrogen ratio whereas dwarf shrub-dominated ecosystems with high SOM and low pH. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Planctomycetes predominated all communities but there were significant differences on genus level between vegetation types, as plant polymer degrading groups were more active in shrub-dominated soils compared to meadows. Given that climate change scenarios predict expansion in dwarf shrubs at high latitudes, our results indicate that the rate of carbon turnover in tundra soils may increase in the future. Additionally, transcripts of methanotrophs were detected in the mineral layer of all soils, potentially moderating methane fluxes from deeper layers. In all, this study provides new insights into possible shifts in tundra microbial diversity and activity with climate change.