Deep Convolutional modeling of human face selective columns reveals their role in pictorial face representation

Despite the massive accumulation of systems neuroscience findings, their functional meaning remains tentative, largely due to the absence of realistically performing models. The discovery that deep convolutional networks achieve human performance in realistic tasks offers fresh opportunities for such modeling. Here we show that the face-space topography of face-selective columns recorded intra-cranially in 32 patients significantly matches that of a DCNN having human-level face recognition capabilities. Three modeling aspects converge in pointing to a role of human face areas in pictorial rather than person identification: First, the match was confined to intermediate layers of the DCNN. Second, identity preserving image manipulations abolished the brain to DCNN correlation. Third, DCNN neurons matching face-column tuning displayed view-point selective receptive fields. Our results point to a \"convergent evolution\" of pattern similarities in biological and artificial face perception. They demonstrate DCNNs as a powerful modeling approach for deciphering the function of human cortical networks.