Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity along the Southern Coastlines of the Atlantic Ocean in Cape Town, South Africa

The spatial distribution and diversity within bacterioplankton assemblages in four coastal sites along the southern points of the Atlantic Ocean were examined using the Illumina high-throughput that targets 16S rRNA genes to examine indigenous bacterial assemblages in the littoral zones along the coast of the ocean. Results of the study showed very similar bacterial representation between the coastal sites with majority of the sequences affiliated with Proteobacteria (52 to 59%), Bacteriodetes (21 to 31%) followed by Actinobacteria (3 to 9.5%) and Planctomycetes (2.1 to 4.5%). The bacterioplankton assemblages at each site examined were quite diverse, with members of the Gammaproteobacteria found as the most abundant bacterial class among the four sites. However, clear differences were observed among the sites at the order level, with the Chromatiales the more dominant in the closer CPTI sites, while clades belonging to the Flavobacteriales and Rhodobacterales were more prevalent in the two CPTA sites. While the results of UPGMA clustering and principle coordinate (PCoA) revealed two spatially separate clusters among sites, canonical correspondence (CCA) analysis indicated that environmental variables such as temperature, pH and conductivity were probably the major influencers of bacterial occurrences at the coastal sites.