Method for maintaining translocated wild roses under laboratory conditions for controlled gall induction by Diplolepis rosae and D. mayri

Abstract

O_LIPlant-gall wasp systems provide unique models for studying multitrophic interactions and unique developmental processes, yet standardized laboratory protocols for maintaining wild rose hosts (Rosa spp.) and sustaining gall inducers (Diplolepis spp.) are lacking. C_LIO_LIWe developed and tested a method for growing and maintaining translocated individuals of Rosa canina, R. rubiginosa, R. spinosissima, R. gallica, R. tomentosa, and R. pendulina under laboratory conditions over three consecutive years (2023-2026) to provide a continuous source of host plant material for experimental gall induction by D. rosae and D. mayri. C_LIO_LIThe protocol integrates soil and substrate composition, photoperiod and humidity regimes, pruning, dormancy management, and controlled exposure to gall-inducing wasps. More than 75% of rose individuals survived the full 3-year period, with consistent annual gall induction achieved in several host species. C_LIO_LIThis work represents the first reproducible laboratory method for long-term maintenance of wild rose hosts and controlled gall induction by Diplolepis species. The framework also provides a broadly applicable approach for maintaining perennial woody hosts and experimentally manipulating specialized plant-insect interactions under laboratory conditions, thereby supporting ecological, physiological, and evolutionary research across comparable systems. C_LI