Association of variants in ACE, ACTN3, AGT, IL6 and BDKRB2 genes with athlete status and playing position in Colombian amateur rugby athletes

Genetic polymorphisms are involved in different metabolic pathways that are manifested at the physiological level and have been associated with specific phenotypes in sport from anthropometric and functional characterizations that pose conditional and physiological demands for the rugby athlete. The identification of this type of polymorphisms in athletes represents a resource that contributes significantly to the processes of training, selection and sports orientation. The purpose of this study was to describe type and frequencies of allelic and genotypic variants in ACTN3, ACE, AGT, BDRKB2 and IL6 genes in sub elite rugby athletes in Colombia. Additionally, the polymorphisms found were compared with a control population, as well as contrasted according to playing position backs and forwards. In this research, 47 individuals from the Vallecaucana rugby league and 67 from a control group (non-athletes) were sampled. All were analyzed for polymorphisms in the ACE, AGT, ACTN3, IL6 and BDKRB2 genes, using the PCR RFLPs technique. The significance of the differences between the experimental and control groups was tested by the X2 test (p <0.05). In rugby athletes we found a higher frequency of allele D (0.883) ACE gene, allele R (0.63) ACTN3 gene, allele G (0.819) IL6 gene, all associated with strength and power sports. There are significant genotypic differences between athletes and the control population in all the genes analyzed and significant allelic differences in the ACE, ACTN3, BDRKB2 and IL6 genes. When comparing the playing positions (backs vs. forwards), significant genotypic differences were observed in the ACTN3, BDRKB2, AGT and IL6 genes. At the allelic level, the R and X alleles of the ACTN3 gene and the I allele of the ACE gene show significant differences. In conclusion, in the polymorphisms analyzed, an association with strength sports, explosive strength and rugby is observed. Significant genotypic and allelic differences were also recorded between the backs and forwards positions, as well as significant differences in the allelic and genotypic structure between the group of athletes and the control population.