A Method for Preparing Morphologically Preserved Wildlife Fecal Specimens for Long-Term Ecological Studies

Abstract

O_LIWildlife feces are a valuable noninvasive resource in ecological and conservation research. However, traditional preservation methods are unable to maintain morphological integrity while simultaneously preserving the biological and chemical composition of fecal samples. C_LIO_LIThis study presents a novel method for the preparation of fecal specimens through a multistep immersion process using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium benzoate, clotrimazole, ethanol, pyrethroid emulsion and polyvinylpyrrolidone solution. C_LIO_LIThe specimens produced by this method exhibited high mechanical strength, ensuring durability and resistance to handling damage. During a storage period of six months, this method successfully preserved the morphological characteristics of fecal samples while maintaining DNA integrity, with no signs of mold or insect damage. DNA extraction achieved a 100% success rate and species identification remained consistent with fresh samples, with BLAST match rates exceeding 99% in 15 specimens. In addition, heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic, and lead were detected in fecal samples from different species. C_LIO_LIBy allowing long-term preservation of fecal samples, this method transforms urine from a short-term diagnostic tool into a durable resource for monitoring biodiversity. It can extend the applications of fecal samples across spatial and temporal scales, reinforcing their role in ecological research and global conservation of biodiversity. C_LI