High environmental temperatures put nest excavation by ants on fast forward: they dig the same nests, faster.

Abstract

Environmental temperature influences the physiology and the behaviour of ectothermic organisms, including ants. However, the complex collective behaviour exhibited by ant colonies means that it is difficult to predict how the effects of temperature translate to colony-level functioning and features, such as the form of their nests. This study aims to determine the effects of environmental temperature on nest excavation rate and on the morphology of excavated nests. To this end, we characterized the nest digging activity of the yellow meadow ant Lasius flavus confined to dig in a nearly two-dimensional experimental setup maintained at a constant temperature ranging from 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. Ants dug faster at higher temperature, with an increase of digging rate that reflected the temperature-induced increase of movement speed of individual ants. Nevertheless, the shape of excavated nests remained statistically unchanged across the full range of temperatures we tested. These results suggest that temperature accelerates all aspects of the excavation process uniformly, rather than selectively influencing specific components such as tunnel branching or elongation. The ability to produce a consistent overall nest structure, irrespective of the temperature conditions encountered at the time of digging, may provide adaptive benefits to the colony.