A Partially Phase-Separated Genome Sequence Assembly of the Vitis Rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea) and its Exploitation for Marker Development and Targeted Mapping

Abstract

Grapevine breeding becomes highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated Vitis vinifera. Therefore, in modern breeding programs genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci. Potential sources of resistance are wild species of American or Asian origin. The interspecific hybrid of Vitis riparia Gm 183 x V. cinerea Arnold, available as the rootstock cultivar Borner, carries several relevant resistance loci. We applied next generation sequencing to enable the reliable identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and also generated a draft genome sequence assembly of Borner to access genome wide sequence variations in a comprehensive and highly reliable way. These data were used to cover the Borner genome with genetic marker positions. A subset of these marker positions was used for targeted mapping of the P. viticola resistance locus, Rpv14, to validate the marker position list. Based on the reference genome sequence PN40024, the position of this resistance locus can be narrowed down to less than 0.5 Mbp on chromosome 5.