Inspiratory muscle training in young, race-fit Thoroughbred racehorses during a period of detraining

Abstract

Although inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is reported to improve inspiratory muscle strength in humans little has been reported for horses. We tested the hypothesis that IMT would maintain and/or improve inspiratory muscle strength variables measured in Thoroughbreds during detraining. Thoroughbreds from one training yard were placed into a control (Con, n=3 males n=7 females; median age 2.2{+/-}0.4 years) or treatment group (Tr, n=5 males, n=5 females; median age 2.1{+/-}0.3 years) as they entered a detraining period at the end of the racing/training season. The Tr group underwent eight weeks of IMT twice a day, five days per week using custom-made training masks with resistance valves and an incremental threshold of breath-loading protocol. An inspiratory muscle strength test to fatigue using an incremental threshold of breath-loading was performed in duplicate before (T0) and after four (T1) and eight weeks (T2) of IMT/no IMT using a custom-made testing mask and a commercial testing device. Inspiratory measurements included the total number of breaths achieved during the test, average load, peak power, peak volume, peak flow, energy and the mean peak inspiratory muscle strength index (IMSi). Data was analysed using a linear mixed effects model, P[≤]0.05 significant. There were no differences for inspiratory measurements between groups at T0. Compared to T0, the total number of breaths achieved (P=0.02), load (P=0.003) and IMSi (P=0.01) at T2 had decreased for the Con group while the total number of breaths achieved (P<0.001), load (P=0.03), volume (P=0.004), flow (P=0.006), energy (P=0.01) and IMSi (P=0.002) had increased for the Tr group. At T2 the total number of breaths achieved (P<0.0001), load (P<0.0001), volume (P=0.02), energy (P=0.03) and IMSi (P<0.0001) were greater for the Tr than Con group. In conclusion, our results support that IMT can maintain and/or increase aspects of inspiratory muscle strength for horses in a detraining programme.