Diversifications of both the three domains of life and SARS-CoV-2 possibly driven by biases between amino acid biosynthetic families

Abstract

All cellular life forms fall under the three-domain classification of life, raising a fundamental evolutionary question: why does this classification feature three rather than two or four? To answer this question, a more general method, rather than the traditional one based on comparing small-subunit ribosomal RNAs, is required. The three-base periodicity in genomes is a common feature of both cellular life forms and viruses, which is species-specifically biased between amino acid biosynthetic families. Based on comparing the corresponding proteomic feature among all life forms, a global triangular diversification picture has been obtained, whose three angular regions correspond to the three domains, respectively. This mechanism of diversification of life attributes the evolutionary driving forces behind the diversification of the three domains of life to the biases between amino acid biosynthetic families. Notably, the same mechanism also applies to the contemporary diversification of SARS-CoV-2, whose reasonable results in turn corroborate the above explanation of primordial diversification of life and in addition shed light on the mechanism of speciation.