Microbial community assembly differs by mineral type in the rhizosphere

Abstract

Inputs of root carbon (C) fuel growth of nearby soil microorganisms. If these microbes associate with soil minerals, then mineral-microbiome complexes near roots could be a gateway towards stabilization of soil carbon and may influence the quantity and quality of persistent SOM. To investigate the interactions between roots, soil minerals, and microbes, we incubated three types of minerals (ferrihydrite, kaolinite, quartz) and a native soil mineral fraction near roots of a common Californian annual grass, Avena barbata, growing in its resident soil. We followed microbial colonization of these minerals for 2.5 months - the plants lifespan. Bacteria and fungi that colonized mineral surfaces during this experiment differed across mineral types and differed from those in the background soil, implying microbial colonization was the result of processes in addition to passive movement with water to mineral surfaces. Null model analysis revealed that dispersal limitation was a dominant factor structuring mineral-associated microbial communities for all mineral types. Once bacteria arrived at a mineral surface, capacity for rapid growth appeared important, as ribosomal copy number was significantly correlated with relative enrichment on minerals. Glomeromycota (a phylum associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) appeared to preferentially associate with ferrihydrite surfaces. The mechanisms enabling colonization of soil minerals may be foundational to the overall soil microbiome composition and partially responsible for the persistence of C entering soil via plant roots.