Fish diversity drives regional productivity but not stability in southeastern United States coastal marine fishes

Abstract

AimEcosystem-based management requires accurate predictions on how biotic and environmental factors interact to deliver ecosystem services. Biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) theory predicts that as diversity increases, the ecosystem will become more productive (positive diversity-productivity relationship - DPR) and more stable (positive diversity-stability relationship - DSR). Support for BEF has been primarily derived from fine-grained, non-harvested systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the robustness of BEF predictions for the DPR and DSR by examining how well fish diversity predicts productivity and stability of fish, shrimp, and flounder at a regional scale. LocationSoutheast coast of United States. Time Period1989 - 2015 Major Taxa StudiedMarine Fishes MethodsWe used 27 years of the SEAMAP-SA Coastal Trawl Survey database to derive estimates of fish, shrimp, and flounder biomass (i.e., productivity), temporal stability of biomass (i.e., invariability of productivity), and fish community species richness. We pooled trawls into 22 km x 22 km raster cells and 3-year time bins. We controlled for variation in sampling effort using sample-based rarefaction. We compared the ability of fish species richness, water salinity, and water temperature to predict biomass and stability of all fish, shrimp, and flounder using multiple linear regression. ResultsBoth the DPR and DSR exhibited positive log-log linear trends as expected, but the DPR had a much stronger signal. Species richness outperformed the environmental covariates in both the fish and shrimp DPR models. Surface temperature was the most important variable in both flounder models. Overall, our models better explained productivity than stability. Main ConclusionsThe DPR and DSR are relevant at regional scales in a commercially important fishery although support for the DSR is less justified than DPR. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms driving the DPR and DSR are necessary to design management around BEF theory.