Developmental variation in pterygoid segmentation clarifies patterns of avian bony palate evolution
Annabel K. Hunt, Juan Benito, Olivia Plateau, Adam Dawid Urantówka, Daniel J. Field
Micro-computed tomography of 69 immature and mature bird specimens finds complete post-hatching pterygoid segmentation (hemipterygoid detaches from pterygoid, fuses to palatine) only in Neoaves, not Galloanserae or palaeognaths.
bioRxiv · Sep 22, 2026 · PreprintPaleontology✦ In-depth digest