Highly persistent antibody levels but limited population immunity in gannets after HPAI outbreak
Thierry Boulinier, Mathilde Lejeune, Pascale Massin, Éric Niqueux, Armel Deniau, Raphaëlle Woerlé, Alice Bernard, Aurore Ponchon, T.J. Martin, Jérôme Fort, Béatrice Grasland, David Grémillet, Pascal Provost, J Tornos
The study finds persistent antibody levels and limited population immunity in gannets after an HPAI outbreak, emphasizing the role of long-lasting immunity in population persistence.
bioRxiv · Aug 26, 2026 · PreprintEcology