Fluctuating hydrodynamic forces increase fish locomotor variability in turbulence
Michael A. Calicchia, Divya Ramesh, Yangfan Zhang, Caleb Pipes, GEORGE V. LAUDER, Rui Ni
This study shows that turbulence increases fish locomotor variability and energy expenditure by causing fluctuations in hydrodynamic forces.
bioRxiv · Oct 19, 2026 · PreprintBiophysics