Dose-additive and dose-dependent fetal testis toxicity of a nine-phthalate mixture in the rat
Joceline Helmbreck, Ziqi Zhao, Poonam Mehta, Patrick G. Schupp, Aditi Marehalli, Jason A. Scott, Matthew J. Woodcock, Andre Gomes, Cindy Su, Matthew Manwaring, Claire Gould, Thaís Del Rosario Hernández, Petra den Hollander, Susan J. Hall, Adina Badea, , Daniel J. Spade
This study shows that a nine-phthalate mixture causes dose-additive fetal testis toxicity in rats, including MNGs and reduced testosterone, with the lowest effective dose for MNGs.
bioRxiv · Oct 17, 2026 · PreprintPharmacology & Toxicology