EcologybioRxiv
The physiological costs of leadership in collective movements
Hanja B. Brandl, James A. Klarevas-Irby, Daniel Zuñiga…·Damien R. Farine
The study finds that leadership in collective movements incurs physiological costs, such as increased heart rate and reduced heart rate variability, particularly when leadership attempts fail.
DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.065