Symbiotic entrenchment through ecological Catch-22
Thomas H. Naragon, Joani W. Viliunas, Mina Yousefelahiyeh, Adrian Brückner, Julian M. Wagner, K. Esther Okamoto, Hannah M Ryon, Danny Collinson, Sheila A. Kitchen, Reto S. Wijker, Alex L. Sessions, Joseph Parker
This paper shows how obligate symbiosis in rove beetles arises from irreversible chemical and behavioral changes that force dependence on host ants.
Cell · Feb 1, 2026Peer-reviewedEvolutionary Biology