Avoiding biased estimates: measuring observer avoidance bias in distance sampling estimates of animal populations
DWE Sankey, CDA Blasi-Foglietti, Jayalaxshmi Mistry, Sarah Papworth
The paper presents an agent-based model to estimate observer avoidance bias in distance sampling and finds it can lead to significant underestimates in population density.
bioRxiv · Sep 23, 2025 · PreprintAnimal Behavior & Cognition