The use of Ipratropium and Tiotropium as novel agents to reduce inflammation in in vitro macrophage models.
This paper investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of Ipratropium and Tiotropium in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, finding they reduce IL-6 and TNF- levels, though less effectively than Budesonide and Fenoterol.
bioRxiv · Oct 31, 2021 · PreprintPharmacology & Toxicology