Life-stage and sex influence Philornis ectoparasitism in a Neotropical woodpecker (Melanerpes striatus) with essential male parental care
The study examines Philornis ectoparasitism in Hispaniolan Woodpeckers, finding that nestlings host more parasites than adults, and male adults, who incubate, are more parasitized than females.
bioRxiv · Dec 22, 2021Ecology