Challenges and Solutions in Quantifying Brain β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) with 1H-MRS Following Oral Keto-Ester Consumption
Mansimran Virk, Kennedy T Conners, Razi Kitaneh, Marcella M. Mignosa, Scott McIntyre, Terence W. Nixon, Kelly S. DeMartini, Stephanie O'Malley, John Harrison Krystal, Henk M. De Feyter, Gustavo A. Angarita, Graeme F. Mason, Robin A. de Graaf, Chathura Kumaragamage
This study quantifies brain β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and 1,3-butanediol (BD) using J-difference edited 1H-MRS, revealing BD contributes significantly to signals traditionally attributed to BHB.
bioRxiv · Jul 9, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience