Evolution of Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factor, and Their Cognate Receptors in Vertebrates, Invertebrates, and Viruses
Martina Chrudinová, Jeffrey M. DaCosta, Dogus Dogru, Ruixu Huang, Robert Reiners, Pierre DE MEYTS, Emrah Altındiş
This study analyzes the evolutionary origins and molecular diversification of insulin, IGFs, and their receptors across vertebrates, invertebrates, and viruses, revealing lineage-specific adaptations and conserved features.
Molecular Biology and Evolution · Dec 5, 2025Peer-reviewedEvolutionary Biology