Biological signatures of history: Examination of composite biomes and Y chromosome analysis from da Vinci-associated cultural artifacts
Harinder Singh, Seesandra V. Rajagopala, Rebecca Hart, Pille Hallast, Mark G. Loftus, Rosana Wiscovitch-Russo, Cody R. K. Conrad, David S. Thaler, Guadalupe Piñar, Karina C. Åberg, Rossella Lorenzi, Jose Antonio Lorente, Jesse H. Ausubel, Thomas P. Sakmar, Rhonda K. Roby, , Norberto González-Juarbe
The paper develops a minimally invasive workflow to recover biological signatures from Renaissance-era artifacts, revealing microbial biomes and Y-chromosome markers linked to historical handling and conservation.
bioRxiv · Jan 6, 2026 · PreprintGenomics