Alcohol, Tobacco, and HPV exposure synergistically regulate promoter methylation of PD-L1 related genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Omar Mokhashi, Lan Gao, Ruomin Xin, Riya Chhabra, Stella Hale, Jessica Wang‐Rodriguez, Weg M. Ongkeko
This study examines how combined exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and HPV affects promoter methylation of PD-L1 related genes in HNSCC, revealing synergistic effects and immune microenvironment changes.
bioRxiv · Oct 13, 2026 · PreprintCancer Biology